Russia and China Attempt to Establish Regional Technological Ecosystem in Post-Soviet Central Asian States through the EAEU Digital Agenda and Digital Silk Road Initiatives. Part 2

The study explores key aspects of cooperation in high-tech development, digitalization, and the construction of innovative infrastructure between major powers and each of the five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) on both bilateral and multilateral bases. Examples include the development of initiatives such as the Digital Agenda of the EAEU and the Digital Silk Road, as well as collaboration through international integration organizations like the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Due to varying levels of economic development, digitalization processes, and political conditions in CA countries, bilateral and multilateral cooperation manifests differently in each country. This variation leads to an examination of projects involving network infrastructure at different scales: from investments in joint ventures producing high-tech products to launching communication networks, building smart city systems, and integrating blockchain technology into international logistics systems.