Formation of the service bureaucracy in the Muscovite state in the XVI century

The article examines the process of formation of the service bureaucracy in the second half of the 15th - 16th centuries, which originated in the depths of the departments of the Grand Duke's court of Moscow rulers. The origin, composition, functions and features of the service of the prikaz people and local administration in the period of the formation of the Moscow kingdom in the XVI century are analyzed. The distinctive features of the people under the orders were loyalty to the sovereign, experience, merits, and personal qualities. In the 16th century, the transfer of positions by inheritance was rarely practiced, since the noble service was preferable to the civil one.