Forms of imlicit (syntactic) expression of tense in B. A. Akhmadulina's poetry

The subject of this study are implicit forms of expression of tense in B.A. Akhmadulina’s poetry belonging to the second period of her creative work - namely, verbless syntactic constructions. It is substantiated that syntactic tense is one of insufficiently studied grammatical phenomenon, though it was studied by many scholars, such as V. G. Admony, Сh. Bally, A. M. Peshkovsky, V. V. Vinogradov, N. D. Arutunova and others. The present article is only a part of a large research devoted to studying the temporal system represented in B. A Akhmadulina’s poetry. To analyse the poetic works and study their temporal system we use a functional grammar approach borrowed from A. V. Bondarko’s works, which determine general and theoretical approaches to analysis of important constituents of a sentence. It is noticed that tense (temporality) in a text can be expressed not only by verb forms (obviously, explicitly) but also by verbless syntactic constructions (implicitly). These constructions are usually verbless binuclear or mononuclear sentences. The aim of the article is to analyse verbless syntax of B. A Akhmadulina’s poetic texts, which has some special grammatical and semantic features. As A. M. Lomov notices, in these sentences chronotope is not explicitly expressed since the time and place of the relevant “state of things” just don’t need mentioning, in this case they are obvious. In a verbless sentence, there is not predicative linkage between names for the action and its agent. If we compare expression of action in a verb and verbless models, we notice that actionality slackens a little since a noun doesn’t express action in its processual and temporal localization, in diversity of its grammatical and semantic characteristics. Verbless syntactic constructions can form noun groups, which have propositional semantics. Such noun groups are notional equivalents of a sentence. Predication is represented in these sentences in a compressed form. The author comes to the conclusion that verbless syntactic constructions don’t provide designation of action, which generates indefinite polysemy. Besides, verbless syntactic constructions don’t characterize the «here and now» situation. They describe typical state of things that stays the same day by day.