Forms of consolidation of zemstvo and city employees in the Ufa province

The author analyzes the legal status and activities of territorial associations created by hired employees of local self-government bodies in the Ufa province. These organizations are considered as an important indicator of the municipal service institution formation in the Russian Empire. There were three forms of consolidation of zemstvo and city employees in the period from 1905 to 1918 in the Ufa province: savings and loan associations, mutual assistance societies and trade unions. With the outbreak of the World War I, savings and loan associations began to transform into mutual assistance societies with broader functions. This testifies to the gradual emergence of corporate interests of the “third element”, but this process proceeded rather slowly. On the basis of archival materials introduced into the scientific circulation for the first time, it is shown that the trade unions created in 1917 turned out to be rather heterogeneous in their composition, contradictions between various groups of em-ployees remained in them.