The philosophy of human history in the works of Ivan Antonovich Efremov

The article analyzes the philosophy of human history in the works of the outstanding Soviet science-fiction writer, cosmism thinker, and paleontologist Ivan Antonovich Efremov. His writings pay special attention to the cognitive and spiritual potential of humankind, social evolution, the necessity of a collective future for Earth’s inhabitants, and a critique of both totalitarian systems and consumer societies. The study highlights Efremov’s concepts and perspectives on the historical process of humanity, offering critical analysis and future outlooks.