Genetic features of Holstein cows in the Omsk region

The study of the genetic characteristics of Holstein cattle of the Omsk region is an urgent direction, since currently the population of the breeding stock of this breed is increasing, which requires adjustment of breeding work. The purpose of the research is to study the genetic characteristics of Holstein cattle in the conditions of the Omsk region. The genetic characteristics of cows were studied on the basis of certain genotypes taken from the genetic passports of 100 cows. The highest frequency of genotypes for the kappa-casein gene is observed in homozygotes for the A (A/A) allele - 67%. The B allele and the Iv genotype associated with the best characteristics of the milk clot are found in a fifth of the studied cow population. 25% of cows are the carriers of the desired allele for the CSN3 gene. According to the lactoglobulin gene, the distribution of genotypes in the population is in equilibrium; all allelic variants of genotypes are equally represented. The proportion of animals with the desired genotype was 33.3% of the total population. Alelle B of the GH 2141 gene associated with the growth of glandular breast tissue is found only in heterozygotes, whose proportion in the population is 20%. The genotype of 40% of cows by the CSN2 (beta-casein) gene allows the transfer of the desired allele to the next generations. According to the main anomalies peculiar to the Holstein breed, the population is safe. Brachispin has the maximum spread of a genetic anomaly affecting the reproductive qualities of the broodstock, the proportion of heterozygotes was 0.14 and 0.12 of the cows were found to have a complex spinal defect. Genotyping of the breeding stock made it possible to determine the genetic profile of animals by DNA markers of dairy productivity and by genetic abnormalities of cattle. The Holstein population in the Omsk region is genetically distinguished by the presence of desirable genotypes associated with high abundance of milk and high milk protein content