Genetic resources and plant breeding as the main mechanisms of adaptation in agriculture

In modern conditions, farmers face global climate changes and local changes in weather conditions. These are risks in obtaining stable yields. At the same time, genetic resources and plant breeding are the main mechanisms of adaptation in agriculture. In the 21st century, selection scientific priorities should be attributed to a combination of high potential yield with abiotic and biotic stability, quality (at the level of varieties and species, agrocenoses and agrolandschaft). It is referred to the dominance of adaptive selection and pre-adaptive selection for climate change and weather anomalies, as well as the determination of the most favorable soil and climatic zones for the sustainable production of high-quality seeds and varieties of the most important agricultural crops. In the world, there is fierce competition between breeding companies in the "pursuit" of genes that must be in their collections in order to create a new variety of agricultural plant with the necessary properties: plant resistance to pathogens, especially to viruses, fungi and bacteria of quarantine value, determining the combination early ripeness, productivity, sustainability, product quality and other characteristics. The new "characteristic" largely determines the economic importance of the variety. Another equally important task requiring an urgent solution is the development of phytotechnologies for improving the human environment. As a strategy to preserve the diversity of plant species, we consider their introduction into culture, as well as domestication, enrichment of the range of useful plants in megacities, cities, industrial centers through the introduction of new specialized, useful for the environment and human beings species, varieties and forms from world collections. This is a necessary part of the work of geneticists and breeders. Habitat is very important for humans, and agricultural plants play a major role in its improvement.