Heinrich Butenant and the Russian metallurgy in the last quarter of the XVII century

The article is concerned with the actions of Heinrich (Andrei Ivanovich) Butenant fon Rosenbush in the field of mining and metallurgy on the territory of Olonets region. The reasons that led to the change of the profile of Olonets industry are discussed: its transition from the production of copper to the production of iron. It is shown that the parts of the two-tier structure of the industrial economy formed by Butenant were interconnected. The evolution of this structure and the development of the Olonets group of plants after their transition to Butenant are considered. The author used both published and archival historical sources. Some of the allegations are specified and supplemented by the facts from the existing scientific literature.