Geoinformation systems for the development of solar energy in the Karakum Desert zone

This article presents a scientifically substantiated and systematized analysis of solar resources and an assessment of Turkmenistan's energy potential. The developed and compiled geoinformation technology maps based on solar resource energy potential will enable the creation and implementation of solar photovoltaic water-lifting systems in the Karakum Desert. The obtained results have been confirmed experimentally, yielding the following annual savings: fossil fuel savings of 12.0 tons; environmentally friendly reduction of CO2 emissions of 38.4 tons; and the profit from implementing one station of $3,830. The technical, economic, and environmental potential gained from using energy installations based on the developed solar geoinformation technology map will enable the deployment of solar water-lifting installations and the creation of solar greenhouses in the pastures of the Karakum Desert, thereby increasing energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and food security.