State support for small and medium-sized businesses in Russia in conditions of economic instability

The article is devoted to the analysis of state measures to support Russian enterprises in the context of the economic crisis caused by sanctions, inflation and other challenges. Key business assistance tools are considered, including preferential lending, tax preferences, public procurement, grant support for social enterprises and budget investments. Particular attention is paid to the National Project “Efficient and Competitive Economy”, which combines a set of measures to stimulate SMEs, increase productivity and investment activity. Based on statistical data for 2020–2025, a positive trend in the registration of new enterprises is shown, despite the crisis. This indicates the effectiveness of state support. Criteria for access to assistance measures are also highlighted, such as the absence of debts, the status of SMEs and compliance with industry requirements. The study confirms that in conditions of economic instability; state support plays a key role in preserving business. However, the authors note the need for further improvement of measures taking into account changing economic realities.