Humus reclamation of disturbed lands: past, present, future (review)

Long-term open-pit mining of coal in the south of Western Siberia is accompanied by the destruction of natural landscapes, the disappearance of rare species of flora, fauna, fertile soils in forest-steppe and steppe zones. This actualizes the problem of biological reclamation of disturbed territories. The presented review provides information about the volumes of overburden rocks, the burial of fertile lands by them, and the prospects soils and for the development of the coal industry. The article considers the history of the use of humus reclamation of disturbed lands, which ensures the introduction of initial fertility and microbiota involved in biogenic soil formation. Attention is focused on the limited availability of humus reserves in the Siberian region, the deterioration of the quality of the alienated fertile layer during long-term storage in burts. Information is presented on the initial properties of dump rocks, which act as the underlying rock in artificially created soil-like formations. Attention is focused on the importance of the formation of edaphic services in the root layer. The need to attract innovative developments to increase the nitrogen regime of technozems, as well as microbiological ways to improve the root nutrition of phytoplanets and increase their stress resistance is emphasized. This review reflects the problems of complex and slow restoration of the natural environment, especially in the dry steppe zone, as a result of its rapid destruction during subsurface use.