Cold water and its effect on the electromagnetic properties of cryospheric objects

In the Arctic zone, the liquid phase of water is widespread in the temperature range of +4 °C ... -70 °C, where anomalous properties of bulk water are observed. Water located in this temperature range should be classified as a special class of object - cold water. One example of its anomalous properties is the existence of a particular point at a temperature of -45 °C, where anomalies in heat capacity, volumetric expansion coefficient, sound speed and adiabatic compressibility are observed. Cold water can exist in porous natural media. For this reason, the study of the electromagnetic characteristics of moistened dispersed media at negative temperatures is an urgent task. This work examines the features of the electromagnetic characteristics of moistened dispersed media in the temperature range +4 °C ... -70 °C. The results of research presented in the work using various methods, including remote sensing of the Arctic from space, are of interest for studying objects of the cryosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere in a supercooled state and near the freezing point of water.