Chronological specificity of material culture of X-XI centuries (based on the findings from the Rozhdestvenskiy burial ground in Perm region)

Dating plays a specific role in the analysis of archaeological objects. Medieval materials of X-XI centuries are usually dated within a wide time range. The period is known for rapid development of crafts and strengthening of economic and cultural relations, which is reflected in the development of material culture. The periodization of the Rozhdestvenskiy burial ground’s findings shows the stages of the development and their characteristic features. The findings of the first half of the X century have no considerable differences from those ones of the IX century, yet some innovations could be traced. In the second half of the X – first half of the XI centuries the interactions with Volga Bulgaria and neighboring Finno-Ugric cultures and the development of local craft centers contributed to the variety of costume decoration and other objects of material culture. New stable types of objects and variants of ornamentation appeared. In the XI century western influence from Russia and Finnish cultures could be traced. New aesthetic preferences and techniques, which shaped the outlines of the material culture of the following period, were developed by the end of the XI century.