The ideological and organizational principles of the first illegal seminary organizations in Kazan in the late 19th century (based on the materials of the national archives of the Republic of Tatarstan)

He article reveals the ideological foundation and principles of the operation of the first underground student organization within the walls of Kazan Theological Seminary by the example of Stepnitskiy’s circle. It determines the link of the organization with similar secular student associations. The article reveals its ideological orientation and organizational forms. The study is based on archival documents not published before.