Immunogenetic polymorphism in cows of black-and-white breed in the Orel population of dairy cattle

Genetic identification of farm animals began to be applied from the moment genetic methods were introduced into breeding. In fact, every genetic test such as the blood of an animal is the basis for genetic monitoring of the animal. The issues of genetic monitoring of populations of farm animals are currently gaining great importance, especially the area that studies the genetic polymorphism of blood components. The use of polymorphic DNA sequences as marker systems makes it possible to test genetic polymorphism directly at the genotype level and not at the level of gene products, as in the case of the use of protein polymorphism. In other words, variants of the DNA nucleotide sequence causing phenotypic changes can be detected at the molecular level. DNA markers can solve the problem of saturation of the genome with markers and mark almost any part of the DNA. With the improvement and automation of methods, it became possible to genotype animals by thousands of markers. In this regard, the alleles of blood groups were studied in 11 locus systems, as well as the dynamics of their occurrence. As a result of this study, the herd of OJSC Agrofirma Mtsenskaya shows that 53% of cattle were carriers of the desired alleles A1, G2, Y2, Q’, C1, X2, S1, H’, which may be genetic markers of milk production of cows. In cows of black-motley breed, on the pedigree reproducer of OJSC Agrofirm Mtsenskaya, a high concentration of the following alleles was observed in blood group systems: EAA: A1 =0,4; EAB: B 2 =0,3539, G 2 =0,4462, O 1 =0,3846, Y 2 =0,4308, Q' =0,5692; EAC: C 1 =0,6308, X2 =0,4923; EAS: S1 =0,5385, H’=0,8923; EAM: M=0,3231; EAF-V: FF=0,8308; EAJ: J=0,0615; EAL :L=0,3077; EAZ: Z=0,2308.