Information as a general scientific and philosophical concept

The article examines one of the current problems of modern philosophy, a multi-valued phenomenon such as information. It is proposed to distinguish between the everyday understanding of this term, as well as philosophical and general scientific approaches to its study. It is noted that in Soviet philosophy information was primarily considered from a philosophical point of view. The main philosophical concepts of information are essential, attributive and functional, which are still common today. The first of the scientific theories of information is probabilistic-statistical, a concept that pays special attention to the quantitative aspects of information and defines the concepts of “information” and “quantity of information”. Since the 1950s, research interest has shifted towards studying the qualitative and value aspects of information, which is reflected in the formation of semantic and life theories of information. In the 1980s and 90s, synergistic concepts of information began to emerge, synthesizing quantitative and qualitative approaches. Currently, the category “information” is being actively developed by representatives of all sciences, which requires its philosophical understanding and identification of essential properties.