Information and psychological threats in the context of modern information warfare: countermeasures and key risks for the individual

The modern information environment has become a field of active confrontation, where psychological influence is becoming one of the main instruments of influence. The article is devoted to the study of information and psychological threats, their impact on human consciousness and psyche. The mechanisms of manipulative influence, channels of disinformation dissemination, and consequences for the individual are considered. Special attention is paid to methods of countering threats through the development of critical thinking, digital literacy and the formation of psychological defense mechanisms.