The institute of covert investigative actions in the criminal procedure law of Russia and in neighboring countries (comparative legal research)

The article gives an overview and comparative analysis of covert investigative actions, which are provided by the criminal procedure legislation of neighboring countries. The article considers the types and system of covert investigative actions, the grounds and procedure for their conduct, as well as criteria for procedural evidentiary evaluation of the results of such actions. The purpose of the work is to establish the effectiveness of the inclusion of covert investigative actions in the law of criminal procedure, which are based on operational and investigative measures. The article uses the comparative legal method of studying legal acts of Russia and foreign countries. It is concluded that it is necessary to introduce the institute of covert investigative actions into criminal procedure legislation in order to effectively combat crime, to use the results of covert investigative actions in evidence, while always respecting human rights and freedoms. The Russian criminal procedure science should also develop covert investigative actions for their inclusion in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.