Integration of digital technologies into the oil and gas industry: transformation determinants, system effects and implementation limitations

The modern oil and gas industry is at the epicenter of a profound structural transformation initiated by the rapid development of digital technologies. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the digitalization process in the context of the oil and gas industry, identifying key drivers of growth, systemic advantages, and fundamental barriers that hinder its implementation. The authors have identified that the cumulative effect of the implementation of digital solutions manifests itself in a significant increase in operational efficiency (by 15-20%, according to research by consulting companies), a reduction in capital and operational costs, and the minimization of accident risks through predictive models and the optimization of logistics chains. In parallel, significant challenges related to high initial investments, a severe shortage of qualified personnel, increased cyber risks, and organizational conservatism have been analyzed. In conclusion, promising development vectors are substantiated, including expansion.