The intelligentsia of Tuva in the sphere of material production (1945-1985)

The article discusses the problems of the Tuvan intelligentsia engaged in the sphere of material production in the Soviet period. We reveal the structure of material production, the main stages of its development, difficulties, and ways of their overcoming, analyze the internal and external factors of quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the engineering-technical and agricultural intelligentsia. The article analyzes the forms of training specialists in the educational institutions of Tuva, the role of coursework, and patronage. Attention is drawn to the role of the Soviet higher and secondary special schools in the training of qualified specialists for the national economy of Tuva, ministries and departments to ensure its needs in engineers, agronomists, veterinarians, and other specialists. We have highlighted the activity of technologists in various sectors of material production. This activity was carried out under the conditions of the nomads’ collectivization, their settling down, sea changes in the public consciousness. The article describes the development of various forms of innovation in engineering.