Use of 3D modeling for reconstructing the artifacts with mirror symmetry

This article describes reconstruction of a composite slotted bone artifact using Geomagic Design X software and 3D modeling techniques. Three-dimensional models and multiple measurements based on them enhance the accuracy and verification of research results. Reconstruction of archaeological artifacts uses mirror symmetry and identifies the identical parts of the object if symmetry axis is present. A symmetry axis makes it possible to imply the identity of the parts with close or 100% coincidence after putting them together. The experiment involved visualizing a damaged composite slotted bone tool found at the Ust-Yodarma II site (Northern Angara region) using its surviving parts. One side of the slot has been broken, while the other side has been almost entirely preserved. Application of 3D modeling methods made it possible to reconstruct the damaged side of the slot. The reconstruction process was based on generating cross-sections which would be as close as possible to artifact's geometry and determining the axis of symmetry for the subsequent mirroring of objects relative to it. The algorithm was structured to reiterate the process for all generated cross sections with the capacity for editing during work. The proposed algorithm can be successfully applied to objects with axes of symmetry not limited to composite slotted bone artifacts. Despite some limitations and technical complexities, this methodology offers new tools for reconstructing archaeological artifacts, particularly in cases of loss or damage. Further research and refinement of the methodology may result in more accurate reconstructions and its expanded application in archaeology.