The use of biotechnologies for the restoration of degraded lands prone to desertification and salinization: methods of phytoremediation and microbiological remediation

Desertification and salinization are among the most serious environmental problems threatening the sustainability of agricultural lands and ecosystems. These processes lead to a deterioration of soil fertility and a decrease in biodiversity. This article discusses modern biotechnological approaches to the restoration of degraded lands, including methods of phytoremediation and microbiological remediation. Special attention is paid to the selection of suitable plant species and strains of microorganisms for sustainable remediation of saline and desolate areas.