Use of noble, multicolored and exotic minerals by ancient populations of the Ural

Crystal finds and also products made of noble and color minerals are known at the sites of Eurasia and Africa age about 800 thousand years. In the Urals rock crystal and its varieties were widely used already in the upper Paleolithic. Through the StoneAge nucleuses, plates, scrapers, cutters, arrowheads, splinters were made of them. Unique products such as drilled mace and trust bearing for drilling or getting fire are known. In later ages they made beads out of crystal. In the Stone Age noble varieties of chalcedony began to be used. Thy were: carnelian, sarder, capphirine. Most often they were used for manufacturing arrowheads and chair flints for the carving of fire. Brightly colored noble materials (jade, malachite, garnet-almandine, and amber) served mostly for manufacturing decorations - beads, pendants, bracelets. For producing decorations base minerals with bright and spectacular color were used due to the rarity of the precious stones. They were green serpentinite (coil), dark-red profiled shale (slate) and golden chalcopyrite (pyrite). Practically in all epoch red paint (ochre) needed for rituals was get from the verity of iron ore - hematite and magnetite. It should be noted that since Upper Paleolith multicolored varieties of jasper were widely used by the populations of the Ural. Most of all for production of tools they used green, sealing wax and red-green (banded) jasper. To the exotic minerals belong noble talk, mica and chalk which used for non utilitarian purposes. Products from noble and some multicolored minerals mostly are fined in cultic complexes: hoards, burials and sanctuaries. So we can suggest that these minerals due to their rarity and bright coloring had symbolic mining and used by ancient population mostly for manufacture of products of non utilitarian purposes. Color illustrations for the first time give the opportunity to see in color different sacral and household items of ancient men.