The use of VRN genes for creation of triticale forms with different length of vegetation period (review)

The advantages and disadvantages of triticale culture are briefly reviewed. The control of the length of vegetative period of spring triticale forms and spontaneous spring triticale mutants is viewed more particularly. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is a new agricultural culture that combines valuable traits of wheat and rye. The advantages of triticale are its ability to grow on poor, acid, waterlogged soils; higher, than in wheat, content of protein in grains; its resistance to many fungus diseases. The disadvantages are undersized grains, its tendency to sprouting, lodging, a partial toxicity of grains due to the presence of alkylresorcinols, and a longer, compared to parental forms, vegetation period. The biggest influence on the length of the vegetation period of cereals have vernalization response genes - Vrn . Spring plants have one or more dominant Vrn genes, in winter plants all vrn genes are recessive. Common wheat carries genes Vrn-A1 , Vrn-B1 , Vrn-D1 , located on the chromosomes 5AL, 5BL, 5DL respectively (A...