The use of geographic information systems for agro-ecological assessment of lands of agricultural enterprises

Geoinformation systems and geoinformation technologies have received the widest application in the world today. However, land management organizations use GIS only for the purposes of vectorizing and calculating areas. Whereas in them are hidden great opportunities for geoanalysis, which allow to significantly reduce the time spent on it. Agroecological assessment of land can be carried out using GIS-technologies, using the program Maplnfo. To conduct agro-ecological assessment of land, arable lands of land use by OOO «Rodina» in the Northern District of the Orenburg Region were selected. Land use of the farm is located in the southern part of the Northern district and the North-Western part of the Orenburg region. Under the conditions of relief, this area is quite suitable for mechanized processing, although the strong dissection of the terrain limits the size of the fields and makes it difficult to use complex agricultural machines. Work on agroecological assessment was started with the formation of a digital terrain model obtained in the process of processing previously created vector objects containing relevant information. This makes it possible to represent the investigated territory in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional image gives a visual representation of the forms of the terrain. These characteristics of the terrain suggests that the rectilinear location of the fields of field rotation along the slope is impractical, since this can lead to increased water erosion. In these conditions it is advisable to use a combined system of soil tillage in crop rotation with alternating moldboard, ploskorezy and surface treatments, as well as ploughing and sowing crops across the slope or on the contour of the terrain, it is recommended that lane selevinia to reduce the runoff of melt and rain water, the introduction of soil protective crop rotation. The use of GIS technologies makes it possible to form an information basis for agroecological assessment, the results of which are applied in the agroecological land typification. The developed technique can also be applied in the development of the draft adaptive landscape system of farming, anti-erosion organization of the territory.