The use of the electrophoresis method in the practice of testing laboratories in the field of seed production of agricultural crops

All varieties of seeds of agricultural crops are characterized by an individual set of gliadin-coding loci, which makes it possible, when using electrophoresis for storage proteins, to identify almost any variety and determine varietal purity. These loci are formed based on the direction of breeding (artificial selection) and, to a lesser extent, depending on the agro-climatic characteristics of the region (natural selection). Today, in the practice of laboratory varietal analysis, various biochemical methods are used: marker-oriented and genomic selection, genomic editing, dihaploid technologies, etc., designed to accelerate the selection process when creating varieties and prevent the facts of falsification of varietal seeds on the market. One of the fastest and relatively cheap marker-oriented methods is seed storage protein electrophoresis. The study of the genetic polymorphism of prolamins, based on electrophoretic spectra, makes it possible to use it for identifying the intrapopulation structure of varieties and individual genotypes. The method of electrophoresis for prolamine proteins showed good results in determining the level of hybridity of seeds of cross-pollinated plants in the laboratory conditions. The scientific work shows that the analysis of the storage proteins spectrum is an effective and affordable method for checking varietal purity and belonging of seeds to a variety at all stages of seed production in the laboratory conditions.