Investigation of the behavior of cylindrical bodies under conditions of joint tension and torsion under disproportionate loading

The work is devoted to studying the behavior of cylindrical bodies of structural steels in the conditions of joint tension and torsion under complex loading. The study is aimed at studying and subsequent modernization of the method of increasing the fatigue life of cylindrical products. It consists in creating the product favorable axial compressive residual stresses in the near-surface area due to the successive elastoplastic deformation, first by tension, and then, during fixation of the longitudinal deformation obtained by tension, by torsion. A mathematical model of elastoplastic deformation by joint tension and torsion of a homogeneous cylindrical body, which allows to calculate the distribution of residual stresses created in the body, is constructed. To check the adequacy of the obtained solution and determine the required material parameters of the model, tests were performed on cylindrical samples of steel 15Cr2MnMoV. The necessary studies were carried out at the Center for Experimental Mechanics of Perm National Research Polytechnic University using the Instron 8850 universal two-axis servo-hydraulic test system, which allows for loading by joint tension and torsion. According to the results of the experiments, graphs of the longitudinal force and torque versus the twist angle were obtained with the deformation sequences studied. By comparing the experimental and calculated dependencies, the adequacy of the developed model was confirmed and the range of deformation modes was established, in which it reflects the behavior of the material with an accuracy acceptable for practice. Instead of the existing method of deformation, which includes a single torsion of a product in a state of tension, a new method is considered, consisting in reversional (alternating) torsion of a cylindrical body in a state of tension. Deformation by sequential tension and reversional torsion allows to provide a favorable (from the standpoint of increasing fatigue life) distribution of residual axial stresses over the cross section of the body with minimum values of residual shear stresses.