The source study in the structure of historical knowledge: the neoclassical model of science

The transformation of the source study is traced - from a component of the methodology of history in the second half of the XIX -early XX century - into the discipline/subdiscipline of historical science in the 1950-1970s and then, at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries - into the scientific direction in correlation with the change of models in historical science. The specificity of the phenomenological concept of the source study with epistemological foundations in the Russian version of neo-Kantianism is revealed. The Scientific-pedagogical school of the source study belonging to the neo-classical model of science developed since 1930s. The interrelations of transformation stages of the disciplinary status of the source study with the changes in concepts on the object are revealed: from a historical source as an objectified creation of a person to the system of types of historical sources - and to the universal ontological concept of “the empirical reality of the historical world”.