The history of the development of robotics in surgery and orthopedics(literature review)

Total knee arthroplasty is recognized as the most effective treatment method that allows to reduce pain, improve physical activity and quality of life in patientswith knee osteoarthritis. The number of complications and unsatisfactory results of knee arthroplasty is quite large and reaches 13.2%. The number of revisionarthroplasty of the knee joint increases to 10.8%. One of the problems of total knee arthroplasty is the positioning, individual selection and accuracy of bone resection for implant placement during primary totalknee replacement, errors lead to postoperative complications. To solve these problems, surgical orthopedic robots are proposed, which were first introducedinto clinical practice more than two decades ago. In this article, we analyzed the scientific literature on the use of various modern robotic surgical systems, the history of their occurrence and evolution. Sincethe introduction of robotic technologies in orthopedic surgery, they have undergone significant development, they were initially used to perform tasks, solvecomputer preoperative planning issues and intraoperative navigation. Currently, systems used in orthopedics include a robotic arm, robotic cutting devices, androbotic milling systems with a variety of navigation strategies using active, semi-automatic or passive control systems that can reduce the frequency of possibleerrors and increase the accuracy of component positioning. Possible prospects for the further use of robotic systems in orthopedics are evaluated.