The historical and economic parallels of the modern stage of the Russian economy development

The study analyzes the relationship between the modern Russian economy and the development history of the USSR economy succeeded by the post-Soviet Russia. In particular, the research examines the structural, technological, and functional aspects of the conditions for and trends in competitive development of global innovation waves related to the creation of two types of technological systems, i.e. industry 3.0 and industry 4.0. The emphasis is placed on the long-term negative correlation of defense spending with GDP growth demonstrating that they are unable to serve as a permanent multiplier of modern progress. Such problems are linked not only with the data of international scientists but also with a set of logical errors in the state policies on the competitiveness of the economy under the creation of a new type of industry by innovation waves.