Changes in gender structure of the population of the Komi Republic in context of socio-economic transformations and war (the 1920-1950-s)

On the basis of already studied and a large number of for the first time introduced into scientific use sources the transformation of the gender structure of the population of the Republic of Komi for 40 years, since the establishment of autonomy to the end of the 1950-s, under the influence of social upheavals and wars of this historical period, is considered. The dynamics of indicators of the gender structure of the population in the whole Komi is analyzed, the differences of this process in urban and rural areas are revealed. Comparative analysis has shown that in the period under study this demographic component had no stability. The bloody wars and repressions of the Stalin's regime which took place at this historically short period, reduced male population, and more heavy, compared with women, physical labour shortened their lives. On the other hand, the transformation of the territory of the republic into the “zone of Gulag” was the factor increasing the proportion of men as prisoners of camps and the forces of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs guarding them were mainly men. With the transition of the economy to civilian labour the majority of workers and specialists that arrived to construction sites and enterprises from other regions of the country were men of working age. Documents show that in the late 1950-s a very favourable demographic situation, concerning human resources, was formed in Komi. The deepest deformation of the gender structure of the population caused by the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War was successfully overcome.