Changes in the ratio of urban and rural population of the Yenisei region in the process of modernization of Russia (1822-1940)

In modern conditions, the population of Siberia is decreasing, which creates internal and external problems for the development of the region. The aim of the study is to reveal the dependence of the number and ratio of the urban and rural population of the Yenisei Region on the state policy of modernization of the country in the imperial and Soviet periods. Research objectives are to identify the dynamics of the population of the province in 1822-1940 of the XX century, revealing the ratio of the urban and rural population of the Yenisei region in the period from the formation of the Yenisei province in 1822 to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The theory of modernization with the allocation of its pre-industrial and early industrial phases represents the methodological basis of research. The indicators of modernization are industrialization, urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural population. Chronological, comparative, systemic and other research methods were used. It was revealed that during the period under review, the population growth of the Yenisei Territory was due to resettlement from the European part of the country, and the settlers mainly replenished the ranks of the Siberian peasantry. The origin of the industry of the Yenisei province dates back to the 30-60s XIX century. After the start of inorganic modernization, the government began to pursue a targeted resettlement policy as an integral part of the modernization of the European part of the country andSiberia. But the share of the urban population in the total mass of the population of the Yenisei province began to grow only in the Soviet period, in the context of the course towards strengthening the social base of the Soviet government and the beginning of the industrialization of the country. Collectivization in the form of a radical breakdown of the individual peasant economy gave rise to the problem of providing the population with food, and industry with technical crops. In the pre-war period, the state ensured the transformation of the agro-industrial economy into an industrial-agrarian one, but was faced with the need to increase through resettlement not only the urban population employed in the industrial sector, but also the rural population employed in agriculture.