Changes in yield and quality of field crops depending on the method of the basic soil treatment

The results of studying the effect of different tillage of dark-gray forest soil on the productivity of barley crops, soybeans and winter wheat, are presented in the article. The studies were conducted within the stationary field experiment of the "Orel state agrarian university". The field experience included five variants of tillage with different intensity. The aim of the research was to identify the most optimal reception of the main soil treatment for crops in the link of crop rotation: spring barley - soybean - winter wheat. The yield of all three crops depended on the contamination of crops before harvesting. For all three crops, the quantity and weight of weeds for both waste treatment plants were significantly lower than for zero, combined and non-waste tillage in both periods of determination. High contamination was observed in zero and flat-cut tillage (on average, 1.1-2.7 times compared to the control group). Grain crops gave maximum yield at variants with zero tillage and reverse plough LEMKEN. The worst indicators of productivity were recorded on the control and flat-cut tillage. The highest yield of soybeans was obtained on the control, it was more than 1.5 times higher than the yield of zero tillage. The zero tillage had a negative impact on the formation of soybean productivity. Under-winter ploughing should be used for soybean growing and zero or minimum tillage can be used for winter wheat. The observed tillage methods had almost no effect on the qualitative indicators of barley (protein content decreased by 1.3-1.9%), the quality of the soybean deteriorated with a decrease in the intensity of soil cultivation, the quality of the grain of winter wheat was also negatively affected by the zero tillage (protein is 0.9-1.6% lower).