Study of mid-early variety samples of spring soft wheat in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of a study of 40 mid-early genotypes of spring soft wheat over 2 years (2022 and 2023) on the breeding fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk ASC" are presented. The studied varieties have different geographical origins: Russia - 20 samples; Kazakhstan - 8 samples; Estonia and Canada 3 samples each; Switzerland - 2 samples.; China, Germany, Poland and France 1 sample each. The experiment was based on a steam predecessor. In laboratory conditions, using an automated breeder's workstation (ABW), the elements of the ear structure were analyzed. The dependence of yield on the growing season, plant height and ear structure elements was characterized as medium and high. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to divide the studied genotypes using the Euclidean distance method into 4 clusters with different selection value. Genotypes of the 4th cluster with a high rating were identified: varieties - Pamyati Azieva and Omskaya 36 (FSBSI "Omsk ASC"), Yalutorovka and Novosibirskaya 49 (RF, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS), Ekada 258 (RF, Ulyanovsk region), lines - Lutescens 1134-2 (RF, FSBSI FASCA), Line Cht-11 (RF, Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture), Line 23-07 and Line 435-12 (Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan agricultural experimental station LLP). They showed high resistance to abiotic environmental factors, since during drought years they were characterized by high yields and increased values of the number of spikelets and grain weight per spike. As sources of individual selection traits, low-growing genotypes from the second cluster can be recommended: LT-12 (Russia, Leningrad region), Prosa and Togano (Switzerland), kvs Buran (Germany) and the third: Licamero (France), Katoda (Poland) and line Lutescens 1356 (RF, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS).