Influence of controlled breathing techniques on heart autonomic control system

A controlled breathing technique at a frequency of 0.1 Hz can be used to improve heart function. After a single session, the work of the cardiac regulatory systems increases, the sympathetic influence on heart rhythm is enhanced, and the stress index is significantly reduced. The objective of the study is to evaluate the potential impact of a single-session controlled breathing technique (6 times per minute) on the heart autonomic control system, stress level in the human body, and environmental adaptation. Materials and Methods. The study involved 50 third-year students of Ryazan State Medical University, aged 20–22. The experiment was conducted in three stages: collecting baseline data, passing the Schulte test, and controlled breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. Each stage lasted 5 minutes. A cardiointervalogram was recorded at each stage, followed by statistical processing and analysis of selected HRV parameters. Results. Controlled breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz resulted in increased activity of the systems that regulate heart rate (increased parameters of HRV: HR, SDNN, CV, TP, IC, PRSA). Sympathetic influence increased (PHF decreased; PLF and LF/HF ratio increased). The stress index significantly decreased during the third stage. Conclusion. A single session of controlled breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz significantly impacts the activity of the heart autonomic control system. It increases the activity of the regulatory systems in the body, shifts the balance of the autonomic nervous system toward a sympathetic overdrive, and significantly reduces the stress index, which positively impacts the body adaptation to environmental conditions.