Efficiency of differentiated sowing and application of mineral fertilizers when cultivating spring wheat in the Altai territory

The results of the establishment in 2022 of the first field experiment in the Altai Territory on growing spring wheat of the Buran variety using precision farming technology on the farm of Charyshskoe LLC in the Ust-Kalman region are presented in the article. In the experiments, fertilizers were applied together with sowing using a universal seeder Amazone DMC-12000 2C. Soil fertility zones became the basis for task maps developed by Agronout LLC for differentiated application of seeds and fertilizers on an experimental field of 411.93 hectares. In an experiment of the Altai State Agrarian University, to test the effectiveness of precision farming for three fertility zones, an experimental plan was developed, covering combinations of three sowing rates of seed (133 kg/ha, 152 kg/ha and 171 kg/ha) and three doses of mineral fertilizers (ammonia saltpeter: 80 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha). For 27 experimental variants, statistics of seed placement depth, number and bushiness of seedlings, plant growth dynamics, changes in moisture reserves in a meter layer, wheat yield structure and grain quality were assessed. Measurements, statistical data processing and comparative analysis methods were used as research methods. It was found that the soil fertility zone is the most significant factor influencing the wheat yield. The maximum yield was achieved in the zone of high soil fertility and amounted to 39.2 c/ha, and in the zones of low and medium fertility it was significantly lower: 33.4 and 33.1 c/ha, respectively. As a result, rational combination factors in the soil fertility zones of fields were substantiated and their economic efficiency was given. Maximum efficiency with the correct selection of seed and fertilizer rates.