Influence of various doses of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of corn in the conditions of the Orel region

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of the Emilio corn hybrid in the Oryol district of the Oryol region. It was revealed that the greatest biological activity was observed in the variant with the use of organo-mineral fertilizers. The smallest number of earthworms was detected in the variants with the use of mineral fertilizers In the control variant, where fertilizers were not applied, the crushing of structural lumps and an increase in the proportion of smaller fractions (less than 0.25 mm) were noted. The share of agronomically valuable aggregates (10-0.25 mm) decreased to 54.7%. The application of fertilizers of various types has a positive effect on the structural and aggregate composition of dark gray forest soil, contributing to the improvement of its properties.The level of contamination of corn crops largely depended on weather conditions. During the study period, the number of weeds varied from 22 to 43 pieces/m2. The greatest contamination was recorded in the variant using organic and mineral fertilizers.When removing 30 tons of manure, there was an increase in the crude protein content in corn by 1.3 times compared with the control. When applying 30 tons of manure + N26P38K38, the crude protein content in the product continued to increase and exceeded its content in the control by 1.5 times. On dark gray forest soil with an average content of phosphorus and potassium in the conditions of the Oryol district of the Oryol region in 2022, the introduction of N26P38K38 increased corn yield by 15.2 t/ha compared with the control. The maximum yield of corn was obtained by applying manure of 30t/ha + N26P38K38- 51.7t/ha.