Environmental and hygienic environmental characteristics and public health on the territories of crude oil production and transportation

The article presents data from scientific and analytical literature containing information on the ecological and hygienic state of environmental objects in the crude oil-producing territories of the Russian Federation, and assessment of morbidity and risk indicators for public health in the regions. The literature for the paper was obtained through the catalogs of the scientific and medical library (Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology), Internet, and electronic databases. The literary sources included periodicals, monographs, reference books, state reports on the environmental state of different regions of the Russian Federation. The review presents the results of studies on air, soil, groundwater and surface water pollution. It is shown that the extracted crude oil, its components, as well as toxicants formed during the extraction process, are potential environmental polluters. The main causes of environ- mental and hygienic danger of oil production facilities are non-compliance with environmental and sanitary requirements, physical and moral deterioration of the equipment and low innovative activity of oil companies...