Economic efficiency of spring wheat plants protection from diseases in the Irkutsk region forest-steppe conditions

The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 in order to study the economic efficiency of the use of fungicides to protect spring wheat plants from diseases. In the experiment, the means of protection were studied in the crops of the varieties Tulunskaya 11 (standard) and Stolypinka (new). Before sowing, the seeds were treated with a Vial TrasT dressing agent at a dose of 0.4 l/t. Sowing was carried out at the beginning of the second decade of May with a seeding rate of 7 million viable seeds per hectare. The use of the seed dressing promoted an increase in the field germination of seeds by 2.8-3.0 %. In the crops sown with treated seeds, in the tillering phase of wheat, the prevalence of root rot was 2.5-2.7 times less than in the control. Of the diseases affecting wheat leaves, the prevalence slightly higher than economic threshold of harmfulness was noted only for Septoria. Plants of the Stolypinka variety were less affected than Tulunskaya 11. Treatment of crops with the fungicide Kolosal’ Pro with a rate of 0.4 l/ha during the earing phase of wheat significantly reduced the incidence. The biological efficiency of this preparation in the crops of the Tulunskaya 11 variety was 59.5 %, the Stolypinka variety - 14.5 % higher. The use of a seed dressing agent and a fungicide ensures greater safety of productive stems, an increase in the number of grains per ear and the mass of 1000 seeds. When sowing with treated seeds, the safety of the crop increased by 0.31-0.35 t/ha. A higher yield (3.20-3.25 t/ha) was obtained with the use of a seed dresser and fungicide. The use of means of protection against diseases also contributes to an increase in the quality of grain, an increase in test value, glassiness and mass of 1000 grains, protein and gluten content. The highest net income (13.07 thousand rubles/ha), profitability (113 %) and low cost of grain (3756.5 rubles/ton) when using ”Vial TrasT” at a dose of 0.4 l/t were obtained in the crops of the new Stolypinka variety. Economic indicators from the use of the fungicide ”Kolosal’ Pro” turned out to be lower due to the high cost of the preparation.