Economical and geographical analysis of development of primary branches of crop production of the Bryansk region

The optimum branch and territorial structures of agriculture, first of all crop production, allow to increase efficiency of agrarian production at the minimum expenses and to ensure food security of the region. In the article the value of crop production in economy of the Bryansk region is defined, the existential analysis of a condition of branch is given and key tendencies in its development for the last 25 years are revealed. The geography of primary branches (grain farm, potato growing, vegetable growing) is considered, the main problems and the prospects of their development are designated. The carried-out analysis showed that within 25 years there had not been only a reduction of a share of crop production branch in the total cost of production of the regional agriculture, but there also had been a number of territorial and branch changings. So, in some areas there was a change of crop specialization from grain to potato growing that actualizes the self-sufficiency of the region''s population with grain. It is possible to call simplification of branch structure, especially in southwest districts of the area a leading process. The processes of the industry relocation to the areas with more favourable agro-climatic as well as economic conditions can be clearly seen in the territorial structure of the branch. Steady dynamics to reduction of acreage and gross collecting cultures in northwest and southwest areas is observed. There is a process of strengthening polarization of crop production. The production intensification problem doesn''t lose its relevance. The wear of fixed assets is 49-52%. For the analyzed period the consumption of mineral fertilizers was reduced by 2.4 times. The chemical melioration of the lands has been slowed and even stopped in a number of districts. To change the situation in the industry it is necessary to realize the subprogram «The Development of the subsector of plant growing, processing and marketing of crop products" to a great extent which is a part of the program "Agricultural development and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs in the Bryansk Region" (2017-2020) adopted by the Bryansk region administration in 2013.