Extreme natural and climatic conditions as a factor in the formation of the architectural environment

The article considers the factors influencing the principles of design in adverse and extreme climatic conditions. It also examines the historical experience of developing regions with extreme climate, and reveals modern principles of design and construction in such territories. The research focuses on the technologies for improving the comfort and safety of the environment, energy efficiency of buildings, and environmental friendliness of design solutions. The article highlights modern examples of buildings constructed taking into account the effective organization of the environment in extreme natural conditions. It analyses their spatial planning and design solutions. The conclusions concern the peculiarities of the formation of the architectural environment in adverse and extreme natural and climatic conditions, which are a factor of technology development, and the search for interesting compositional solutions that contribute to psychological relief and self-improvement of a modern person.