Elements of biologization in cultivation technology of winter wheat

The article presents the results of research designed to study the effect of seed treatment and sowing by microbiological agents Guapsin, Trihofit and Azolin and also by growth stimulator Vitazim on germination, overwintering conditions and quality parameters of winter wheat. Winter wheat is a leading crop in the Central Black Earth area. However, the possible potential of its crop productivity is realized only by one-third. In this regard, improving the technology of its cultivation is an urgent problem. It is important that when improving technology resource the conservation will ensure and the chemical load on agroecosystems will reduce. Studied microbial agents include living culture of certain beneficial microorganisms and their metabolic products that have growth stimulating and fungicidal action. Plant growth stimulator Vitazim refers to agents of microbial origin, but does not contain live cultures of microorganisms. It is composed of physiologically active products of life-sustaining activity of microorganisms. The effectiveness of the study of these agents may be largely determined by the temperature and moisture conditions during the growing season of culture. Therefore, the results of research obtained on average over three years of research. The studied agents are not encouraged to use instead of traditional chemical intensification means of crop production (fertilizers and pesticides), but in addition to their actions to ensure higher yields and grain quality. The research results indicate that treatment by the studied agents can increase their seed germination by 2-6%, seed treatment and post-treatment of crops - increase the number of successfully overwintered plants by 5-10%. It is determined that microbial agents and growth stimulant have a marked influence on yield and quality of winter wheat. Agent treatment of seeds has increased crop yields by an average of 8-12%, processing seeds and crops in the autumn tillering phase - by 9-17%, processing seeds and three-time processing of crops - by 14-21%. Biologization of cultivation technology of winter wheat by the use of microbiological agents and growth stimulants is justified from an economic point of view. Relatively low cost of agents and small norm of their soil inoculation allow to repay additional costs associated with their use and obtained yield increase. Among all studied agents bacterial and fungal complex Guapsin + Trihofit and growth stimulator Vitazim were the most effective. A plant growth stimulator Vitazim is more technological (the most convenient-to-use). This agent is characterized by an unlimited shelf life and compatibility in tank mixtures with most agrochemicals.