Yields structure elements of soybean germplasm in the conditions of Azov region

The purpose of the research - evaluate the soybean germplasm from the VIR collection by the elements of yield structure, conduct a search the genotypes, perspective for use in breeding the soybean varieties, adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of the Azov region. Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region in 2019-2021. The researched collection was included 42 soybean varieties of predominantly early ripeness group. The elements of the yield structure of crops were researched, according to which a significant diverse of the researched material was established. By the amount of beans per one plant, on average over three years, the leading varieties are Vereteyka (51.3 pcs.), Yuzhanka (46.6), Mechta (45.9), Viktoriya (42.0), Soer 7 (41.8), Selekta 201 (41.4) and Svapa (41.3). By the amount of grains in a bean, the varieties had the advantage Belgorodskaya 8 (2.84 pcs.), Anastasiya (2.68), Svapa (2.55), Belgorodskaya 7 (2.48), Pripyat' (2.44), Batya (2.43 p), Selekta 101 (2.41). The highest amount of grains per one plant was registered in varieties Vereteyka (104.7 pcs.), Svapa (102.6), Yuzhanka (95.6), Belgorodskaya 8 (94.9), Selekta 201 (94.3) and Mechta (93.6). The final trait - the grain weight from one plant reaches the highest values in the varieties Selekta 201 (16.8 g), Svapa (16.5), Yuzhanka (15.6), Vereteyka (15.3), Batya (15.1), Kitrossa (14.7), Del'ta (13.8), Ustya (13.2), Nega 1 (12.9) and Merlin (12.8) with an average collection value of 10.9 g. The correlation analysis, many influences of individual elements of the yield structure on the grain productivity of soybean plants were established, among which the central position belongs to the amount of grains per one plant. In the perspective, this trait can serve as a marker of productivity in the breeding process of soybean varieties for the conditions of the Azov region.