Stages of formation of institute of professional rights of the advocate-defender in Russia and their general characteristic

Purpose: Research of history of formation of institute of professional rights of advocate-defender in Russia for allocation of stages, their characteristic and the main tendencies of their development. Methodology: Historical-legal and formally-legal method was used. Results: In article the main stages of development of institute of professional rights of advocate-defender in Russia are allocated and their characteristic is given: stage of origin of institute of the rights of defender in Russia (XVV–1864); stage of an institutionalization of the rights of the defender in the legislation of imperial Russia (1864–1917); stage of elimination of jury legal profession and creation of institute of defenders (1917–1922); stage of an institutionalization of the rights of advocate-defender in the Soviet legislation (1922–1956); stage of expansion of the rights of the advocate-defender in the Soviet legislation (1956–1991); Post-Soviet stage of development of the rights of the advocate-defender (1993–2001) ; the present stage (2001 – to the present). It is established that between stages there is a certain continuity, thus the volume of the rights gradually extended, and the corresponding precepts of law, were improved depending on increase of level of democratization of the Russian state and society and increase of the status of advocacy profession. Thus, existence of so-called counter reforms of professional rights of advocates, as a rule, following entered expansion owing to which volume of professional rights of advocates defender possibility of their practical realization was narrowed or limited took place. It is established that development of institute of professional rights of the advocate-defender is caused by development of institute of procedural rights of persons protected by it, and also the tendency of expansion of professional rights of the advocate-defender at the expense of improvement of the status professional rights included in provisions of the act, regulating bases of the organization and advocacy profession activity is revealed. Novelty/originality/value: Article possesses the high scientific value as is one of the first attempts to consider history of development of Russia advocacy profession through a prism of evolution of institute of professional rights of the advocate-defender.