New historical insights on protection of the trade routes in Genghisids states, 13th to 14th century

Among historical records used in this research, an example of the yarligh by Iranian Ilkhan on the appointment of a head of a caravan is of key importance. This edict is incorporated into the treatise for penmen “Dastur al-katib”, which was written in the 1360s by Mukhammad ibn Khindushakh Nakhchivani, a Persian official. The document is translated into Russian for the first time and provided with interdisciplinary scholarly commentary. The data of the yarligh, combined with further relevant accounts, provide a rather seminal record on issues of security for caravans and trade routes in the Black Sea area, which in the 13th to 14th centuries was divided into parts between successor states of the Mongol Empire - the Golden Horde (the Ulus of Jochi) and the state of the Khulaguids in Iran, - and evaluate the effectiveness of the protective measures the Genghisids rulers have taken to respond to those challenges.