On the issue of the essence and classification of unique technological competencies in innovative development and technological leadership context

The purpose of this study is to theoretically analyze the essence of unique technological competencies, clarify their classification criteria, and identify mechanisms for their institutionalization within the industrial innovation management system. To achieve this goal, key characteristics of unique technological competencies were identified; universal technological competencies were classified by levels of formation, degree of formalization, and types of functional purpose; and mechanisms for identifying, reproducing, and commercializing unique technological competencies in high-tech environments and industrial structures were analyzed. The object of this study is universal technological competencies as a special form of intangible asset; the subject of this study is the processes of their structuring and use in management practice. The methodological framework relies on systems analysis, a structural-functional approach, the comparison and synthesis of empirical data, and institutional methods for assessing innovation processes. It has been established that unique technological competencies represent a combination of knowledge, experience, and organizational skills integrated within a team of specialists and capable of generating products and solutions that are globally competitive. A typology of unique technological competencies is proposed, including individual, group, and organizational levels, as well as a division into basic, supporting, and breakthrough competencies. It is substantiated that the presence of unique technological competencies among personnel significantly strengthens the sustainability of an enterprise's innovation framework. The key risks associated with the loss of personnel possessing unique technological competencies are described; the main mechanisms for their commercialization are identified, including licensing schemes, service transfers, and integration into joint projects. Referring to the current strategy for strengthening national technological leadership, the conclusion summarizes that the unique technological competencies of personnel are currently a significant factor in shaping the innovative potential of industrial structures and require institutionalization in strategic management.