On the Typologies of Folk Arts and Crafts

Typologies of folk arts and crafts have important scientific significance for the purposes of systematization of knowledge about folk arts and crafts and analysis of their emergence and revolution in a particular region. At the same time, typologies of folk arts and crafts are also valuable from a practical point of view. They allow us to determine the potential of the region for the organization of tourist activities, primarily of ethno-graphic orientation, and the need to implement state support of folk arts and crafts. And yet, the number of typologies of folk arts and crafts proposed in the literature cannot be recognized as sufficient, and some of them need to be supplemented. The purpose of this study is to develop typologies of folk arts and crafts for their further practical use in the development of domestic tourism, including within the framework of tourism clusters. Using the example of 35 folk crafts from different federal districts of Russia, the present study analyzed and modified the existing typologies by stages of the life cycle of folk arts and crafts, by the nature of the use of crafts, as well as by the material used for the manufacture of folk arts and crafts products. The authors provide a typology by the na-ture of production organization, dividing folk arts and crafts into those produced cen-trally, in separate workshops and at home. The practical value of this typology lies in the fact that on its basis it is possible to assess the potential for the development of a partic-ular craft as a tourist brand and a place of tourist attraction, because the places of mass production of folk arts and crafts products, firstly, can be locations for excursions and master classes for tourists, and secondly, large factories and plants have the opportunity to provide the region with souvenir products.