The Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex: how it all began

The paper examines the formation of the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex as one of the grandiose projects of the Soviet planned economy. The subject of the study was the economic, socio-demographic, scientific, design and environmental aspects of the creation of the TIC. The history of research and exploration work on the coal deposits of the Kansk-Achinsk basin, the scientific substantiation of the use of coal for the energy and fuel needs of the country are outlined. The main stages of the creation of KATEK (the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex), the construction of the main industrial and energy facilities are considered. Much attention is paid to the problem of using Kansk-Achinsk coals to produce motor fuel. In this regard, specific research and design work on the chemical processing of raw coal is reflected. Shortcomings are noted in the design of coal mines and thermal power plants, primarily at Berezovskaya GRES-1. The main drawback is the departmental approach to the construction of the main facilities of KATEK, which did not allow the concentration of financial and material resources in one hand, which affected the timing of the project. The ecological consequences of the construction of giant hydropower plants for the natural environment and the life of the population, which were laid down in the scientific and design preparation of the territory for economic development, are revealed. An analysis of demographic processes in the districts of KATEK is given; the main sources of replenishment of the population, features of the natural and mechanical movement of the population are indicated. It is especially emphasized that the dynamics of the population of the complex was directly dependent on the main periods of its formation. Based on the statistical data, it is concluded that the population of KATEK eventually decreased, but options for further development of KATEK in a market economy are being considered.