Clinical and biophysical principles of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease treatment

Biophysics of blood circulation in Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by disorders of laminar blood flow and cerebral hypoperfusion. As a result, failure intracellular metabolism, there is a cascade of changes in neurons associated with the processes of excitotoxicity and oxidant stress, which in turn stimulates amyloidogenesis. Experimental and 25-year observations have shown that the long-existing state of hypoperfusion leads to hippocampal disorders. This process is accompanied by memory impairment, structural changes in the capillaries in the hippocampus, impaired glucose and protein metabolism, β-amyloid deposition, activation of glial tissue, death of hippocampal neurons. Neuroreflex disruption in the ‘cerebral heart’ and a violation of cerebrovascular homeostasis contributes to the development of vascular dementia through the following mechanisms, including cerebral microangiopathy, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, the increase in β-amyloid neurotoxicity, apoptosis, etc...