Conceptual foundations of supply chain management

This article examines the conceptual foundations of supply chain management (SCM) as an interorganizational socioeconomic system. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the systemic nature of SCM and identify key principles of supply chain management in the face of an increasingly complex external environment and growing uncertainty. The methodological framework utilizes systems and process approaches, structural-functional analysis, and economic-mathematical modeling. The paper formalizes the goals and constraints of supply chain management, substantiates the multicriteria nature of management decisions, and reveals the role of supply and demand integration. Reference management models, including the SCOR model, are considered as a tool for formalizing processes and performance indicators. Particular attention is given to the systemic effects arising in supply chains, including the bullwhip effect and coordination problems. An extension of the classical SCM concept to include resilience, risk management, and reverse flows is demonstrated. The results obtained can be used in scientific research and in developing supply chain management strategies in organizations in the real economy.